Journal article
Jing Liu, Michael S Hayes, Seth Gershenson
Journal of Urban Economics, Academic Press, 2022, p. 103453
Journal of Urban Economics, Academic Press, 2022, p. 103453
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APA
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Liu, J., Hayes, M. S., & Gershenson, S. (2022). JUE Insight: From referrals to suspensions: New evidence on racial disparities in exclusionary discipline. Journal of Urban Economics, 103453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2022.103453
Chicago/Turabian
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Liu, Jing, Michael S Hayes, and Seth Gershenson. “JUE Insight: From Referrals to Suspensions: New Evidence on Racial Disparities in Exclusionary Discipline.” Journal of Urban Economics (2022): 103453.
MLA
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Liu, Jing, et al. “JUE Insight: From Referrals to Suspensions: New Evidence on Racial Disparities in Exclusionary Discipline.” Journal of Urban Economics, Academic Press, 2022, p. 103453, doi:10.1016/j.jue.2022.103453.
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@article{liu2022a,
title = {JUE Insight: From referrals to suspensions: New evidence on racial disparities in exclusionary discipline},
year = {2022},
journal = {Journal of Urban Economics},
pages = {103453},
publisher = {Academic Press},
doi = {10.1016/j.jue.2022.103453},
author = {Liu, Jing and Hayes, Michael S and Gershenson, Seth}
}
We use novel data on disciplinary referrals, including those that do not lead to suspensions, to better understand the origins of racial disparities in exclusionary discipline. We find significant differences between Black and white students in both referral rates and the rate at which referrals convert to suspensions. An infraction fixed-effects research design that compares the disciplinary outcomes of white and non-white students who were involved in the same multi-student incident identifies systematic racial biases in sentencing decisions. On both the intensive and extensive margins, Black and Hispanic students receive harsher sentences than their white co-conspirators. This result is driven by high school infractions and mainly applies to “more severe ” infractions that involve fights or drugs. Reducing racial disparities in exclusionary discipline will require addressing underlying gaps in disciplinary referrals and the systematic biases that appear in the adjudication process.
